Final answer:
In the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle, the cell is preparing for division by growing and replicating its DNA. During mitosis, which includes prophase to telophase, chromosomes are condensed, aligned, separated, and then distributed into two new daughter cells through cytokinesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cell Cycle and Chromosome Behavior
During the G1 phase of interphase, cells grow and synthesize proteins. Chromatin at this stage is less condensed, allowing for the transcription of genes needed for DNA synthesis. Once the cell enters the S phase, DNA replication occurs, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome, known as sister chromatids, firmly attached at the centromere region. The G2 phase is dedicated to further growth and the synthesis of proteins, such as tubulins, preparing the cell for mitosis and cytokinesis.
When a cell enters mitosis, chromosomes condense during prophase and align in the middle of the cell during metaphase. Subsequently, during anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. In telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromatids, and the cell divides during cytokinesis, resulting in two daughter cells.
In summary, interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, while the mitotic phase includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, where the chromosomes are segregated and distributed into daughter cells followed by cytokinesis.