Final answer:
In eukaryotic cells, the nucleus is the control center, the ER is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, the Golgi apparatus packages biomolecules for transport, the cytoskeleton provides structural support, lysosomes degrade waste, mitochondria produce energy, and chloroplasts in plants perform photosynthesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The function of various organelles in eukaryotic cells serves to regulate cellular processes, produce energy, break down waste, and modify and transport materials. The nucleus acts as the command center of the cell, housing genetic material and overseeing gene expression and protein production. Ribosomes, attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) or floating in the cytoplasm, are sites of protein synthesis. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins, whereas the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and storage of calcium ions. The Golgi apparatus further modifies proteins and lipids received from the ER and packages them for transport. The cytoskeleton maintains the structural integrity of the cell, facilitating movement and transport of materials within the cell. Lysosomes are involved in breaking down cellular waste and recycling organelles. Mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, generate ATP, which is the energy currency used for various cellular processes. Lastly, chloroplasts, found only in plant cells and some algae, perform photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy stored in sugar molecules.