Final answer:
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) are the specific immune response receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and initiate the innate immune response. The correct answer to the question is E. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs).
Step-by-step explanation:
The receptors on the cells of the innate immune system that specifically recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in initiating the innate immune response are known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs). These receptors are essential for identifying molecular signatures of pathogens, such as carbohydrates, polypeptides, and nucleic acids that are unique to viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Phagocytic cells, like macrophages and dendritic cells, use PRRs to detect these PAMPs, leading to the pathogen's uptake and destruction. An example of a PRR is the Toll-like receptor (TLR), which is capable of recognizing molecules shared by pathogens but different from those of the host.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is E. Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs).