Final answer:
Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) and Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) are implemented in behavior analysis by systematically reinforcing desired behaviors. DRA involves reinforcing a specific alternative behavior to replace an undesirable one, while DRO focuses on reinforcing any behavior other than the target undesirable behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the application of DRA, practitioners identify a desirable behavior they want to encourage and reinforce consistently, contingent upon its occurrence. This reinforcement aims to replace the unwanted behavior with a more acceptable alternative. For example, if a child engages in disruptive behavior, DRA might involve reinforcing positive behaviors like sitting quietly.
Conversely, DRO focuses on reinforcing any behavior except the undesirable one. This procedure sets a specific time interval, and if the target undesirable behavior does not occur within that interval, reinforcement is provided. For instance, if a child is prone to outbursts, DRO might involve rewarding periods of calm behavior.
Both DRA and DRO are strategies rooted in operant conditioning principles, aiming to shape behavior through reinforcement. These procedures are tailored to the individual's specific behaviors and are often employed in various settings, including educational and therapeutic environments. The careful implementation of these differential reinforcement procedures can be effective in modifying behavior by providing positive reinforcement for desired actions and diverting attention away from undesirable behaviors.