Final answer:
The movement of blood through the heart and body is called circulation, specifically pulmonary circulation when it involves the lungs. Respiration includes external and internal gas exchanges, while the heart's contraction phase in the cardiac cycle is known as systole.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement of the blood through the heart and around the body is called circulation. When referring specifically to the blood flow that goes through the lungs and back to the heart, this is known as pulmonary circulation. The respiratory system facilitates the process of respiration, which includes external respiration (exchange of gases in the lungs) and internal respiration (exchange of gases at the cellular level). Furthermore, when the heart contracts and pushes out blood, pumping it around the body, this phase of the cardiac cycle is called systole. Together, these processes ensure that oxygenated blood is transported throughout the body, while carbon dioxide and other waste products are removed.