Final answer:
The correct answer is Cellular respiration, which is the process used by cells to convert nutrients into ATP, the energy required for cellular functions. Mitochondria are the organelles responsible for cellular respiration.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process that takes place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules or nutrients into energy is known as Cellular respiration. During this process, carbohydrates, along with oxygen, are transformed into carbon dioxide and water, providing ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell. The structure responsible for producing ATP in this way is called the mitochondrion, often referred to as the powerhouse or energy factory of the cell. While photosynthesis is a process used by plants and some other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy, cellular respiration occurs in nearly all living organisms, allowing them to utilize energy stored in chemical bonds. Both photosynthesis and Cellular respiration are crucial for the survival of organisms; photosynthesis produces the glucose and oxygen that are necessary inputs for cellular respiration, and cellular respiration provides the ATP needed to fuel cellular processes.