Final answer:
The advisors to King John II led to the establishment of Parliament, a fundamental shift from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional government with the Magna Carta enshrining principles that protected the rights of the individuals and established a precedent for trial by jury.
Step-by-step explanation:
The advisors to King John II who forced him to get their consent for taxation eventually evolved into what is known as the Parliament. Although initially the Magna Carta required King John to consult only with the nobles before making arbitrary decisions like imposing taxes, the document laid the groundwork for the development of a representative government that came to control and surpass the monarch in power. The creation of this deliberative body of nobles, clergy, and commoners replaced the Great Council and expanded to include representatives elected by the vassals and selected towns. Over time, the parliamentary structure and its role in matters of taxation and representation grew significantly, influencing the political landscape of England and its colonies.
The Magna Carta played a crucial role in this evolution by reiterating the rights and relationships of vassals and confirming that the church was to remain above the state. Among its many rights, perhaps the most important was the principle that "no free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled, or deprived of his standing in any way," establishing a precedent for trial by jury. After the Glorious Revolution, Parliament held more sway over taxation and fiscal policies, which was a shift in power from an absolute monarchy towards a constitutional government with balanced powers.