Final answer:
MAR is responsible for holding the memory location address, while MDR holds actual data to be fetched or written. RISC processors are designed with simple instructions, whereas CISC processors have complex ones. The Instruction Register holds the current CPU instruction, while DMA allows devices to access memory without CPU interference.
Step-by-step explanation:
Roles of MAR and MDR
Memory Address Register (MAR) holds the address of the location to be accessed in the memory. The Memory Data Register (MDR), also known as Memory Buffer Register, holds the data that is being fetched or written into the memory location addressed by MAR.
Comparison of RISC and CISC Processors
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing) processors have a simpler set of instructions that can be executed within a few clock cycles. CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computing) processors have a more complex set of instructions that can take multiple cycles to execute but may accomplish more in a single instruction.
Purpose of Instruction Register
The Instruction Register (IR) holds the instruction that is currently being executed by the CPU.
Definition of RISC
RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computing, a CPU design strategy that uses a simplified set of instructions.
Advantages of Instruction Pipeline
- Increased throughput
- Higher CPU performance
- Improved instruction execution efficiency
What is a NUMA Processor?
NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access) processor refers to a multiprocessor system where each processor has its own local memory, and the access time varies depending on the memory location.
What is Stall Condition?
A stall condition occurs when the CPU pipeline must stop or delay its processes due to a hazard that prevents the next instruction in the sequence from executing at the expected time.
Parallel Processing
Parallel processing is the simultaneous processing of the same task on multiple processors to divide work and complete tasks more efficiently.
Difference Between SRAM and DRAM
SRAM (Static RAM) is faster and more expensive, requiring less power but providing less storage capacity. DRAM (Dynamic RAM) is slower, less expensive, and uses more power but provides greater storage capacity.
DMA (Direct Memory Access)
Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a feature that allows peripheral devices to access the system memory without CPU intervention, thus freeing the CPU from these tasks.
Difference Between RAM and ROM
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile memory used for temporarily storing data for quick access by the CPU. ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that stores firmware or software not intended to be modified frequently.
Programmed I/O
Programmed I/O is a technique where the CPU actively monitors the peripheral via polling to read or write data, which can be CPU-intensive.