Final answer:
Using proportions, we calculate the rate of defects from the given sample and apply it to the larger shipment. The expected number of defects in a shipment of 7,998 units at the same rate is approximately 130 units.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the expected number of defective units in a shipment of 7,998 units, we will use proportions based on the rate of defects found in the sample. The question tells us that 2 defective units were found in a sample of 124 units, and we want to find out how many would be expected in 7,998 units.
The proportion is set up as follows: If 2 defects occur out of 124 units, then we can expect 'x' defects out of 7,998 units. This can be written as:
2 / 124 = x / 7998,
Now we can solve for 'x' by cross-multiplication:
2 * 7998 = 124 * x,
15996 = 124x,
x = 15996 / 124,
x ≈ 129. So, the number of defective units expected in a shipment of 7,998 is closest to 130 units, which means option B) 130 units is correct.