Final answer:
Woodrow Wilson proposed the Fourteen Points to establish a peaceful international order post-World War I, focusing on open diplomacy, free trade, and self-determination. Despite resistance from Allied nations, the establishment of the League of Nations, the fourteenth point, was Wilson's major succeeding point. However, the US never joined the League, reflecting the difficulty of aligning international ideals with national interests.
Step-by-step explanation:
President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points represented a post-World War I peace plan, aiming to prevent future conflicts and promote international cooperation. Drafted even before American troops arrived in Europe in 1918, these points were presented to a joint session of Congress with the intention of outlining the United States' goals in the war - transcending territorial gains to establish a new international order. Open diplomacy, free trade, and the self-determination of nations were at the forefront of Wilson's vision.
The first five points sought to address the causes of the war, including reducing armaments and eliminating secret treaties. Points six through thirteen focused on boundary changes, promoting national self-determination for affected regions in Europe. The culminating fourteenth point proposed the establishment of an international organization, the League of Nations, to provide a platform for resolution of conflicts and reduce reliance on military action.
Despite Wilson's idealistic vision, his points faced resistance from Allied nations, particularly France, which sought retribution from Germany. Ultimately, Wilson conceded most of his points in exchange for the establishment of the League of Nations, although the U.S. never joined. This outcome highlighted the challenges of implementing idealistic international policies in the face of national interests and historical grievances.