Final answer:
The correct answer is d. a loss from a foreign currency translation adjustment. Stockholders' equity represents the ownership interest of shareholders in a company and is calculated as the difference between a company's assets and liabilities. Any decrease in stockholders' equity indicates a reduction in the value of the shareholders' ownership.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is d. a loss from a foreign currency translation adjustment.
Stockholders' equity represents the ownership interest of shareholders in a company and is calculated as the difference between a company's assets and liabilities. Any decrease in stockholders' equity indicates a reduction in the value of the shareholders' ownership.
Options a, b, and c all involve transactions that result in a decrease in stockholders' equity. However, a loss from a foreign currency translation adjustment does not affect stockholders' equity. It is a non-cash transaction that reflects the impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on financial statements. Any decrease in stockholders' equity indicates a reduction in the value of the shareholders' ownership.