Final answer:
The right to live one's life free from unnecessary government scrutiny is the right to privacy. It is an inferred right from the U.S. Constitution and is related to various aspects of personal freedom and civil liberties.
Step-by-step explanation:
The right to live one's life free from supervision and unnecessary scrutiny from the government refers to b) the right to privacy. This is a fundamental concept in the realm of civil liberties and is a critical aspect of ensuring individual freedoms within a society.
The right to privacy is not explicitly mentioned in the original text of the United States Constitution or the Bill of Rights; however, it has been interpreted to exist under the penumbra of other rights. Over time, U.S. court decisions have affirmed the right to privacy in various contexts, justifying the right to make personal decisions without undue government interference. The right to privacy is recognized implicitly and is protected from government invasion unless there is a compelling reason, and any restrictions must conform to the limits of law and necessity in a democratic society. Examples include the privacy of one's home and correspondence, which can only be breached by public authorities under specific circumstances such as national security, public safety, or criminal investigation.
Instances of the practical applications of the right to privacy include the ability to make decisions regarding one's body, as in the case of abortion, and the protection from government intrusion into personal relationships and choices.