Final answer:
Alexander the Great halted his expedition in 326 B.C. due to a mutiny of his troops, who were exhausted and desired to return home rather than continue further campaigns into unknown territories. The correct option is c.
Step-by-step explanation:
Alexander the Great halted his expedition in 326 B.C. because C. his troops rebelled. After years of constant warfare and marching through different territories, his troops were both physically and emotionally exhausted. Alexander pushed his army deep into Indian territory, fighting a huge battle in the northern Indus River Valley and continuing south. However, the prospect of further conquests did not appeal to his weary army, enriched by their campaigns and yearning to return home. Some of his soldiers were of advancing age, having served since the time of Alexander's father, Philip II, and they resisted further military campaigns.
The ultimate refusal came when Alexander wished to march to the Ganges River Valley, which was completely unknown to the Greeks. The troops mutinied, choosing not to proceed with further conquests. Respecting his soldiers' wishes and also influenced by an oracle's warning of disaster if he crossed another river, Alexander decided to lead his forces back to Mesopotamia. Tragically, he died in 323 BCE, likely from the cumulative effects of his campaign injuries, at the age of thirty-three.
Despite the troops' mutiny and the subsequent return journey, the immediate aftermath of Alexander's death saw much of his empire remain under Greek and Macedonian control, rather than reverting to local rulers.