Final answer:
Investment spending includes expenses that contribute to the creation of capital, such as changes in business inventories (option 3), but not the purchase of stocks, food, or transfer payments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Investment spending includes spending on various assets and activities that lead to the creation of new capital goods or services. Within the context of economics and business, when you ask, 'Investment spending includes spending on which of the following?', the correct answer from the options provided would be changes in business inventories. This category of investment represents the goods that businesses produce but have not yet sold, and it's considered an investment because it reflects the output that is held by businesses in anticipation of future sales.
Other categories of investment spending include producer's durable equipment and software, nonresidential structures such as factories and offices, and residential structures like homes and apartments. Investment in stocks or financial assets is not considered investment spending in this context because it doesn't directly lead to the production of new goods and services. Similarly, spending on food or transfer payments does not constitute investment spending since they don't contribute to the production capacity of the economy.