Final answer:
When a protein is denatured, it loses its shape and ability to function, while the primary structure remains intact. When a protein is hydrolyzed, the bonds between the amino acids in the primary structure are broken.
Step-by-step explanation:
The changes in the primary structure when a protein is denatured versus when a protein is hydrolyzed
When a protein is denatured, the primary structure remains intact, but the protein loses its shape and, as a result, its ability to function properly. This loss of shape is caused by the breaking of the stabilizing interactions, such as disulfide linkages, hydrogen bonding, and ionic bonds, that hold the protein in its three-dimensional structure, as shown in Figure 18.10.8.
On the other hand, when a protein is hydrolyzed, the bonds between the amino acids in the primary structure are broken. This process involves the addition of water molecules to break the peptide bonds, resulting in the breakdown of the protein into its constituent amino acids.