Final answer:
Heavy masonry full-height non-load bearing walls in seismic zones provide lateral support and improve seismic performance by absorbing and dissipating energy during earthquakes. Historical Cyclopean masonry reflects a need for thick, protective walls, while modern construction uses steel reinforcement to better resist shear forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
Heavy masonry full-height non-load bearing walls in seismic zones are primarily used for providing lateral support to structural elements and to enhance the seismic performance of buildings. They are not designed to carry the vertical load of the building, but they do support their own weight and provide resistance to lateral forces, such as those generated by earthquakes. These walls help in reducing the deformations and damages to the main structure during seismic activities. The use of heavy masonry helps to absorb and dissipate energy, which is vital in areas prone to earthquakes.
Techniques such as Cyclopean masonry, which utilizes large, roughly cut ashlar blocks, demonstrate the historical need for thick walls for protection. Modern construction in seismic zones often incorporates steel and steel-reinforced concrete to improve a structure's ability to withstand shear forces that are prevalent during seismic events.
The mentioned building techniques and materials must be carefully considered in the design and construction of buildings in seismic zones to ensure safety and durability given the challenges posed by earthquakes and other lateral forces.