Final answer:
Spanish and Portuguese diffusion throughout South America occurred through a combination of colonization and exploration, trade and migration, military conquest, and cultural exchange.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spanish and Portuguese diffusion throughout South America occurred through a combination of colonization and exploration, trade and migration, military conquest, and cultural exchange.
- Colonization and exploration: Spanish and Portuguese explorers ventured into South America, establishing colonies and claiming territories for their respective empires.
- Trade and migration: The establishment of colonies led to increased trade between Europe and South America, as well as migration of people from Europe to the colonies.
- Military conquest: Spanish conquistadors utilized military strength and alliances with native peoples to expand their empire in South America.
- Cultural exchange: The Spanish and Portuguese brought their languages, religions, and cultural practices to South America, impacting the local indigenous populations.