Final answer:
Base-course materials are compacted using heavy machinery or rollers to reduce air voids and increase density. The compaction process involves spreading layers of materials and applying pressure in multiple passes. Monitoring density and moisture content is important for achieving proper compaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Base-course materials are compacted using various methods to ensure stability and durability. The compaction process involves applying pressure to the materials to reduce the air voids and increase their density. This can be achieved through the use of heavy machinery, such as compactors or rollers, which exert a significant force on the materials. The compaction process helps to improve the load-bearing capacity of the base-course materials and prevent settlement or deformation.
First, the surface of the base-course materials is prepared by removing any loose or unsuitable material. Then, the materials are spread in layers and compacted using the chosen method. The compaction is typically done in multiple passes, gradually increasing the force applied to achieve the desired density. The compaction process should be carried out uniformly across the entire area to prevent uneven settlement or differential compaction.
During the compaction process, it is important to monitor the density of the base-course materials using appropriate testing methods, such as the Proctor compaction test. This allows for adjustments to be made if the desired compaction is not achieved. Additionally, adequate moisture content is necessary for proper compaction, as it helps the particles of the base-course materials bind together.