Final Answer:
During fermentation, microorganisms convert sugars into Alcohol and gases (option c).
Step-by-step explanation:
Fermentation is a metabolic process carried out by microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria, to derive energy in the absence of oxygen. One of the primary products of fermentation is alcohol, which includes ethanol. The microorganisms break down sugars, typically glucose, through a series of biochemical reactions, leading to the production of alcohol and gases. Therefore, option C, ""Alcohol and gases,"" accurately describes the products of fermentation (option c).
In the absence of oxygen, microorganisms undergo fermentation to generate ATP, the cellular energy currency. The process involves the conversion of sugars into various byproducts. In the case of alcoholic fermentation, which is common in yeast, sugars are converted into alcohol (ethanol) and gases, predominantly carbon dioxide. This biochemical pathway is crucial in various industries, such as the production of alcoholic beverages and the leavening of bread.
Options A (Proteins) and B (Fats) are not accurate statements regarding the products of fermentation. While microorganisms play a role in the breakdown of proteins and fats, fermentation specifically involves the conversion of sugars into alcohol and gases. This distinction highlights the specificity of the metabolic pathways involved in fermentation and underscores the importance of understanding the diverse processes microorganisms employ for energy production.