Final answer:
To mitigate blind spots during climbing or descending, the most practical alteration to aircraft design is to enlarge the cockpit windows. Taking off into the wind aids lift generation at lower speeds and shorter distances, enhancing safety and performance.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most practical way to compensate for blind spots in aircraft design while climbing or descending is to make the windows larger. Airplane design takes into consideration various aspects of pilot visibility. Larger windows in the cockpit could help pilots to better see their surroundings, which is particularly important to ensure safety during phases of flight where the orientation of the aircraft changes significantly, such as climbing or descending.
Airplanes generally prefer to take off into the wind rather than with the wind because taking off into the wind increases the airflow over the wings, which generates more lift at a lower ground speed. This means that an aircraft can reach the necessary lift for takeoff over a shorter distance, which is beneficial on shorter runways and enhances overall safety. Wind coming from the front assists in lifting the aircraft more efficiently, thereby reducing the runway length required for a safe takeoff.