Final answer:
The President can deploy U.S. troops without prior approval but must seek congressional approval for deployments beyond 60 days. In the event of presidential disability, the Vice President becomes Acting President and Congress must convene within 48 hours to make a decision within 21 days by a two-thirds majority in both houses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the powers and processes established by the U.S. Constitution regarding the deployment of U.S. troops by the President and the circumstances under which the Vice President may become Acting President due to the President's disability. Specifically, within the context of military deployment, the President has the authority to deploy troops without prior approval but must notify Congress within 48 hours and seek congressional approval if the deployment is to last beyond 60 days. In circumstances of presidential disability, the Constitution provides a mechanism for the Vice President and the Cabinet to declare the President unable to discharge the powers and duties of the office, triggering a congressional decision process.
In the case of a presidential disability, the Vice President would immediately become Acting President upon the second declaration of the President's disability. If Congress is not already in session, it must convene within 48 hours to address the matter. Congress then has 21 days to decide the issue of the President's disability, requiring a two-thirds majority in both houses to confirm such disability. Should Congress confirm the disability through the required majority, the Vice President continues as Acting President. Conversely, if the necessary majority in Congress cannot be reached, the President would resume their duties. It is important to note that these processes are separate from convalescent periods or approval of leave days, which are not discussed in the provided information.