Final answer:
The main anesthetic considerations for a mediastinal mass include maintaining an open airway, ensuring the muscles of respiration are functioning properly, using endotracheal intubation, and adjusting anesthesia gases after surgery. Injectable anesthetics are commonly used for induction and maintenance of unconsciousness, and local anesthetics may be used for pain relief.
Step-by-step explanation:
During anesthesia for a mediastinal mass, the key considerations involve maintaining an open airway and ensuring the muscles of respiration are functioning properly. The safest procedure is endotracheal intubation, which involves placing a tube into the trachea to keep the airway open and protect it from the tongue relaxing and blocking it. After surgery, the anesthesiologist gradually adjusts the gases to wake the patient up and allow the breathing muscles to regain control. Sore throat is a common side effect after this procedure.
Injectable anesthetics are used for induction and maintenance of unconsciousness. Intravenous injections are preferred as they are faster and more reliable. Common drugs used include propofol, etomidate, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, and ketamine. These drugs are used in combination with other general anesthetics.
Local anesthetics may also be used for pain relief in the area around the surgical site.