Final answer:
Simple machines such as levers, screws, and hydraulic presses use the principle of mechanical advantage to raise heavy objects by applying a smaller input force to achieve a larger output force.
Step-by-step explanation:
The non-motorized materials handling device that uses force applied with a lever, screw, or hydraulic press to raise heavy objects is known as a simple machine. These devices, such as levers, screws, and hydraulic presses, allow a small input force to lift larger loads, functioning on the principle of mechanical advantage. For example, in a hydraulic press, a small force applied to a small piston generates a larger force from a larger piston, which can lift or pressurize heavy objects. Similarly, turning the screw of a jack can elevate a car or a house by applying a comparatively small rotational force to achieve a large lifting force.
A practical application of this can be seen in hydraulic systems of heavy machinery like backhoes, where hydraulic cylinders apply forces to move heavy loads. The hydraulic fluid's pressure is critical in determining the force that can be exerted. Additionally, tools like levers require less input effort when the force is applied further from the pivot point (fulcrum), allowing for the movement of substantial weights over short distances.