Final answer:
The outside diameter of schedule 40 black iron pipe varies by size: approximately 4.5 inches for a 4-inch pipe, 8.625 inches for an 8-inch pipe, and 16.00 inches for a 16-inch pipe. These standardized dimensions are vital for system integrity and efficient operations in industries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The outside diameter of schedule 40 black iron pipe depends on the nominal pipe size (NPS). For instance, three common pipe sizes and their approximate outside diameters are as follows: A 4-inch pipe typically has an outside diameter of 4.5 inches, an 8-inch pipe has an outside diameter of 8.625 inches, and a 16-inch pipe has an outside diameter of 16.00 inches. These dimensions are standardized for consistent manufacturing and to ensure that the fittings match the pipes.
Understanding the outside diameter is crucial for many applications, including in the chemical industry, where Table 7.15 Comparing Pipes: Economies of Scale might show cost differences for various pipe sizes. In such industries, correct pipe size ensures system integrity, efficient flow rates, and can contribute to economies of scale, where larger diameters often lead to reduced expenses for material transport per unit volume.