Final answer:
The creation of a new opening between a blocked ventricle and a cerebral cistern to treat hydrocephalus is known as ventriculostomy. This procedure is an alternative to shunt implantation, which diverts CSF to the abdominal cavity for reabsorption.
Step-by-step explanation:
Treatment for Hydrocephalus
The surgical creation of a new opening between a blocked ventricle and a cerebral cistern to treat hydrocephalus is known as a ventriculostomy. This is an alternative to the more common treatment which involves the implantation of a shunt. The shunt, as a treatment option, includes a catheter inserted into the ventricles which allows excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to be drained through a one-way valve into the abdominal cavity, where it can be reabsorbed by the bloodstream. This procedure is critical because the brain only contains about 8.5 tablespoons of CSF, which is continuously produced. A blockage in the ventricles can lead to CSF buildup, causing hydrocephalus with symptoms that may include seizures and cognitive problems. The implanted device requires careful monitoring to prevent overdraining or underdraining of CSF, which can both have serious consequences. The ventricular system's connection to the subarachnoid space, through structures like the median aperture, interventricular foramina, and the cerebral aqueduct, enables CSF circulation.