Final answer:
Fetal factors that can lead to an infant being SGA include pre-term birth, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
Step-by-step explanation:
Small for Gestational Age (SGA) refers to infants who have a birth weight below the 10th percentile for their gestational age. Several fetal factors can contribute to an infant being SGA:
- Pre-term birth: Infants born before full term have less time to grow in the uterus and are usually smaller.
- Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR): This occurs when the fetus experiences slow growth due to maternal, fetal, or placental factors.
- Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to FAS, causing cognitive deficits, developmental delays, behavioral issues, and distinctive facial features in the infant.