Final answer:
The pitot-static system consists of a pitot tube and static port, which are used to measure airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed in aircraft. Manometers measure pressure differences to calculate fluid speeds based on Bernoulli's principle.
Step-by-step explanation:
The two major parts of the pitot-static system are the pitot tube and the static port. This system is commonly used in aircraft to measure various fluid velocities, including airspeed. The pitot tube measures pressure due to the ram effect when air enters the tube during flight, while the static port measures the ambient atmospheric pressure. These measurements are crucial for determining the aircraft's airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed.
A manometer is a device that utilizes the pressure due to the weight of a fluid, expressed by the equation P = hpg (where P is the pressure, h is the height of the fluid column, p is the fluid density, and g is the acceleration due to gravity), to measure differences in pressure. The difference in fluid heights in the manometer corresponds to the pressure difference, which can be used to calculate the speed of the fluid using Bernoulli's principle, as shown in Figure 12.7.