Final answer:
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, known as Darwinism, is based on the concept of natural selection and explains how species change over time. This theory led to the emergence of Social Darwinism, which justified class distinctions and racism based on the idea of superior breeding.
Step-by-step explanation:
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution, also known as Darwinism, explained that species develop and evolve through natural selection. This theory contradicted religious beliefs at the time and led to the emergence of Social Darwinism, a concept that justified class distinctions and racism based on the idea of superior breeding. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is one of the most important theories in the field of life science, explaining how species change over time.