Final answer:
P-factor is one of the forces that causes the airplane to yaw, or deviate from its intended flight path. It occurs when the descending blade of the propeller generates more thrust than the ascending blade during high angles of attack. P-factor can have significant effects on the control of an airplane.
Step-by-step explanation:
In aviation, P-factor is one of the forces that causes the airplane to yaw, or deviate from its intended flight path. P-factor occurs when the descending blade of the airplane's propeller generates more thrust than the ascending blade during high angles of attack, such as during takeoff or when climbing.
For example, when an airplane is taking off and climbing, the descending blade of the propeller, which is moving faster relative to the oncoming airflow, produces more lift and thrust compared to the ascending blade. This asymmetry in thrust causes a yawing motion, pulling the nose of the plane to one side.
P-factor can have significant effects on the control of an airplane, and pilots must be aware of this force and use proper control inputs to counteract it.