Final answer:
The Iroquois Native Americans(option b) played a role in the creation of the U.S. government by influencing its foundational principles, notably admired by George Washington and Benjamin Franklin. The Founding Fathers also drew inspiration from Enlightenment philosophers while establishing a balanced federal system.
Step-by-step explanation:
The role in the creation of the U.S. government and the problem of federalism was influenced by the Iroquois Native Americans. Notably, George Washington and Benjamin Franklin admired the political system developed by the Iroquois Confederacy, which helped shape the democratic principles incorporated into the United States Constitution. The Founding Fathers also were influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Voltaire, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, integrating their concepts into the new system of government with a balance of power among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
The new constitution aimed to resolve conflicts between a federal-style and a unitary-style government, moving away from the weak centralized control under the Articles of Confederation. The Founding Fathers conducted the difficult balancing act of designing federalism to ensure a strong national government while preserving the autonomy of states.