Final answer:
mRNA carries genetic code from DNA to ribosomes, where rRNA helps align mRNA and catalyze peptide bond formation, while tRNA brings correct amino acids to match mRNA codons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Differentiating among mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA is fundamental in understanding their roles in protein synthesis. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from DNA, which is then translated into proteins within the cell. The sequence of mRNA is composed of codons, which are sets of three bases that specify individual amino acids. Each codon in the mRNA sequence is matched with an amino acid to create a protein.
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the cellular structures where protein synthesis takes place. rRNA plays a critical role in the proper alignment of mRNA on the ribosome and also possesses enzymatic activity, catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids during protein synthesis.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome in accordance with the mRNA's codons. tRNA has an anticodon loop that pairs with the complementary codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is incorporated into the growing protein chain.