Final answer:
The acceleration during the aircraft carrier launch is significantly higher than that of land-based takeoff due to additional forces from the catapult assisting the jet propulsion. To find the exact multiple, compare the acceleration of a standard land-based takeoff with the carrier launch acceleration, which is -15 x 10² m/s².
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is related to the physics of motion, specifically concerning the accelerations experienced during catapult-assisted takeoff from an aircraft carrier as opposed to land-based takeoff scenarios. The acceleration for the aircraft carrier launch is significantly higher due to the combination of jet propulsion and the added force from the catapult.
To determine the multiple by which the aircraft carrier's launch acceleration is greater than that of a land-based takeoff, one would need to calculate the acceleration experienced in a typical land-based takeoff and compare it to the acceleration value provided for the carrier launch scenario (which, according to additional information, is -15 × 10² m/s²). This calculation involves using the second law of motion and the known parameters of takeoff speed and distance available on the runway or the deck of the aircraft carrier.