Final answer:
Gas exchange interruption in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs through diffusion, which is a passive process of gases moving down a concentration gradient across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
In patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gas exchange interruption most commonly occurs through diffusion. This interruption can lead to an inadequate amount of oxygen reaching the bloodstream and a buildup of carbon dioxide within the blood. Diffusion is crucial in this process as it is the movement of gas molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across the alveolar-capillary membrane, which is a passive process that requires no energy. When the structure or function of the lungs is compromised due to COPD, the surface area for gas exchange is reduced, and the concentration gradient can be altered, which in turn affects the efficiency of gas exchange significantly.
Gas exchange in the lungs, also referred to as external respiration, closely depends on the continuous flow of blood and constant breathing to maintain a steep concentration gradient. If this gradient is disrupted, the process of gas exchange will not proceed effectively, resulting in the symptoms associated with COPD.