Final answer:
R-410A is the high-pressure refrigerant among the options provided. It is an HFC compound widely used in modern AC systems and operates at higher pressures than refrigerants like R-22. CFCs and HCFCs have largely been phased out in favor of HFCs and other alternatives due to environmental concerns.
Step-by-step explanation:
Among the options listed in the question, R-410A is considered a high-pressure refrigerant. It is a blend of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) compounds and is commonly used in air conditioning systems, particularly in residential and light commercial applications. It is known to operate at higher pressures than some other refrigerants such as R-22 (HCFC-22), making it efficient for some types of systems but requiring equipment that can withstand these pressures. Unlike chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as R-11, R-12, and others in the CFC category, as well as HCFCs like R-123, R-410A does not contribute to ozone layer depletion, although it still has global warming potential.
The substances R-113 (CFC-113), R-123 (HCFC-123), and R-11 (CFC-11) are not considered high-pressure refrigerants when compared to R-410A. The use of CFC and HCFC refrigerants has been greatly reduced due to environmental concerns and regulatory measures, leading to the development and adoption of alternative refrigerants like HFCs and more recently, hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), which have lower global warming potential.