Final answer:
4-year-old Karen's behavior of lashing out by hitting when angry is an example of an externalizing problem, which is characterized by outward-directed behaviors. These are observable behaviors that lead to negative social interactions.
Step-by-step explanation:
When 4-year-old Karen is angry, she lashes out by hitting. This behavior is an example of an externalizing problem. Externalizing problems are characterized by outward-directed behaviors such as aggression, non-compliance, and over-activity. These behaviors are typically observed by others and can lead to negative interactions with peers and adults. In contrast, internalizing problems are directed inward and can include things like anxiety, depression, and withdrawal, which are not as visible as externalizing behaviors.
In the field of psychology, understanding the difference between externalizing and internalizing behaviors is crucial for developing appropriate interventions and support for children. The behavior Karen is displaying indicates a difficulty in managing emotions and an inclination towards expressing frustrations through physical actions.