Final answer:
The correct answer is: a) SELECT c.name, p.year, p.fertility_rate FROM countries c INNER JOIN populations p ON c.code = p.code. This query performs an inner join of the 'countries' table with the 'populations' table using the 'code' column, and selects the 'name', 'year', and 'fertility_rate' columns.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is:
a) SELECT c.name, p.year, p.fertility_rate FROM countries c INNER JOIN populations p ON c.code = p.code
In this query, we are performing an inner join of the 'countries' table as 'c' (on the left) with the 'populations' table as 'p' (on the right) using the 'code' column. The selected columns are 'name', 'year', and 'fertility_rate' from both tables. This will give us the names of countries, years, and their corresponding fertility rates.