Final answer:
The serous membrane that covers the external surface of most digestive organs is called the visceral peritoneum. It is part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs, reducing friction and cushioning the organs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The serous membrane that covers the external surface of most digestive organs is named the visceral peritoneum.
This lining is part of the larger peritoneum, which includes not only the visceral peritoneum but also the parietal peritoneum that lines the interior surface of the abdominal wall.
The space between these layers, filled with a small amount of lubricating serous fluid, is referred to as the peritoneal cavity.
The primary function of this fluid is to minimize friction between the serous surfaces as the organs move, aiding in the prevention of inflammation and damage.
The visceral peritoneum is specifically involved in enveloping the abdominal organs, including forming large folds that attach to the dorsal surface of the body wall, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves.
These structures provide support and transmit the necessary blood supply and innervation to the abdominal organs.
It is part of the broader peritonism structure that also includes mesenteries, which further support and stabilize the organs within the peritoneal cavity.