Question

The French Academy of Painting and Sculptures (founded 1648) was influential in defining the modern identity of the artist as an independent intellectual; a development that only accelerates over the course of the 19th century; demise of the traditional patronage system in place since the Renaissance; during the 18th/19th centuries, artists no longer produce for patrons, but for the marketplace (they no longer know their clients on a personal basis most of the time).

A) Academic Tradition
B) Romantic Tradition
C) Modernist Tradition
D) Baroque Tradition

Answer 1

Throughout the 19th century, The Académie des Beaux-Arts's influence on French art waned as the Impressionist movement emerged, challenging academic conventions by creating art that was more reflective of modern life and accessible to the public marketplace rather than specific patronage.

Step-by-step explanation:

The subject in question relates to the Académie des Beaux-Arts and the transformation in the production and presentation of art during the 19th century. Initially, the Academy dominated French art by preserving traditional standards with a preference for historical subjects, religious themes, and portraits, and a disdain for landscape and still life.

Artworks were meticulously crafted with fine, realistic details, using restrained color and varnishes to produce a polished finish.

With the advent of the Impressionist movement, early artists like Monet and Renoir challenged these conventions, favoring spontaneous brushwork, vibrant colors, and everyday scenes.

They sought independence from the academic system by establishing their own exhibition, the Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, to gain recognition in the marketplace rather than relying on patronage.

This shift reflects a broader trend of artists moving away from creating commissioned works for specific patrons to producing art for a more anonymous market.