Final answer:
An autoclave achieves temperatures above the boiling point of water through the use of pressure. The standard operating temperatures are 121 °C or 132 °C, at a pressure of 15 to 20 psi. Autoclaved items remain sterile for 48 to 96 hours, depending on storage conditions, packaging, and handling.
Step-by-step explanation:
An autoclave is a device used for sterilization, which involves the elimination of all microorganisms, including bacteria and viruses, from objects or surfaces. In an autoclave, temperatures above the boiling point of water are achieved through the use of pressure. The standard operating temperatures for autoclaves are 121 °C or 132 °C, at a pressure of 15 to 20 psi.
The length of exposure in an autoclave depends on the volume and nature of the material being sterilized. Larger volumes require longer exposure times to ensure sufficient heat transfer. Typically, the exposure time is 20 minutes or more. The key to autoclaving is that the temperature must be high enough to kill endospores, which are highly resistant to heat and can survive boiling temperatures.
Regarding the shelf-life of sterilization in an autoclave, it is important to note that autoclaved items remain sterile as long as they are stored properly. Sterile items can usually be considered safe for use up to 48 to 96 hours after autoclaving, depending on various factors such as the storage conditions, packaging, and handling.