Final answer:
In early stage renal failure, a nurse would typically anticipate a prescription for an isotonic IV fluid such as 0.9% Normal Saline or Lactated Ringer's Solution, as these fluids have a similar concentration of solutes as the blood and are less likely to disturb the fluid balance in the body.
Step-by-step explanation:
A nurse caring for a client in early stage renal failure who has a prescription for the infusion of IV fluids would typically anticipate a prescription for an isotonic solution. An isotonic solution is important because it has a similar concentration of solutes as the blood, thus preventing either excess fluid from entering the cells (causing them to swell) or water from leaving the cells (causing them to shrink).
The options provided include: A) 0.9% Normal Saline, B) 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W), C) Lactated Ringer's Solution, and D) 3% Sodium Chloride. For someone in early stage renal failure, an isotonic normal saline solution (0.9% NaCl) is often used because it matches the electrolyte concentration of blood and will not exacerbate fluid overload. Lactated Ringer's Solution could also be a valid choice, as it is also isotonic and contains a mixture of electrolytes that may be beneficial. In general, 5% Dextrose in Water (D5W) is hypotonic when infused and could potentially lead to cellular swelling, while 3% Sodium Chloride is hypertonic and could lead to cellular shrinking or crenation, and is usually reserved for specific cases of hyponatremia.