Final answer:
During a calculus exam, the student's EEG is most likely dominated by beta waves due to the high concentration and problem-solving activity, with a frequency range of 13-30 Hz and low amplitude, as opposed to alpha, theta, or delta waves associated with various stages of sleep. Therefore, the correct option is b) Beta waves.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of brain wave that would characterize the EEG (Electroencephalogram) of a student taking a calculus exam is most likely the beta wave. During periods of wakefulness and active concentration, such as when a student is engaged in solving calculus problems, the brain's activity is dominated by beta waves. These brain waves have a higher frequency range of 13-30 Hz, which is associated with a state of alertness, logical thinking, and problem-solving. Beta waves show very low amplitude and more variability compared to the brain waves observed during sleep, like alpha, theta, and delta waves.
Unlike beta waves, alpha waves are seen when a person is relaxed and not actively processing information. Theta waves tend to occur during light sleep or deep relaxation, and delta waves are characteristic of deep, slow-wave sleep. Therefore, during a demanding cognitive task like a calculus exam, beta wave activity is most prominent. To conclude, the correct option for the type of brain wave characterizing an EEG during a calculus exam is (b) Beta waves.