Final answer:
The movement to reform local government during the Progressive Era was driven by individuals and organized groups who focused on reducing corruption through civic engagement and reforms like the city manager system. The goal was to establish governance based on merit and to actively involve citizens in local politics, addressing issues such as crime and education.
Step-by-step explanation:
The movement to reform local government was predominantly driven during the Progressive Era, where various people and groups embarked on efforts to reduce corruption and inefficiencies. Civic engagement played a crucial role, with individuals and organized groups participating in grassroots movements to influence governmental actions.
A notable reform was the city manager system, as seen in Staunton, Virginia, which sought to separate daily city operations from political influence. Reformers aimed to establish governance based on merit, as opposed to favors from political bosses and machines. The Progressive Era saw a focus on municipal government reform, including efforts to control utilities and support public welfare services.
Participation in local politics is essential for democracy, yet rates of engagement are often low despite the pressing need for active citizen involvement in issues such as crime, education, and healthcare. The strength of various movements, including the Civil Rights Movement, is attributed to the determined actions of local activists who fought persistently for justice and change.