Final answer:
Personality disorders are viewed as distinct from normal personality and are diagnosed and treated using the DSM-5. Researchers view personality on a continuum and use the Five Factor Model to understand individual differences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The DSM-5 treats personality disorders as categorically distinct from normal personality. Researchers view personality on a continuum and use the Five Factor Model as a widely accepted theory.
Personality disorders are enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural norms and cause significant distress or impairment. The American Psychological Association publishes the DSM to guide the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.
Trait theorists focus on identifying and measuring personality traits. The Big Five model, which includes conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion, is the most popular theory in personality psychology today.