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Which of the following is an example of a product that is both non-excludable and non-trivial in consumption?

1) Public park
2) Private car
3) Subscription-based streaming service
4) Homemade meal

1 Answer

4 votes

Final answer:

A public park is an example of a product that is both non-excludable and non-rival in consumption because it's open to everyone and one person's use does not prevent others from enjoying it.

Step-by-step explanation:

Among the options given, a public park is an example of a product that is both non-excludable and non-rival in consumption. Non-excludable goods are those that people cannot be prevented from using; they are available to everyone.

For example, police protection is difficult to exclude individuals from once it is provided, making it non-excludable. Roads are typically open for everyone to use and it's difficult to exclude people from them, although some roads like toll roads can exclude non-payers. By contrast, products like a private car, a subscription-based streaming service, and homemade meals are excludable because they can be restricted to paying customers or owners only.


A non-rival product is one where one person's use does not diminish the ability of others to use it. Public radio is an example of this; one person's listening does not prevent others from doing so. In contrast, a slice of pizza or ice cream cone is rivalrous, because once consumed, they cannot be enjoyed by another. Therefore, the public park is both non-excludable and non-rival, as it is open for all to enjoy without reducing others' enjoyment.

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