Answer: The term that fills in the blank is "Gene expression".
Step-by-step explanation:
Gene expression refers to the process by which information in a gene is used to create a functional gene product, usually a protein. It involves the transcription of DNA into RNA and the subsequent translation of RNA into protein.
Here's a breakdown of the process:
1) Transcription: In the nucleus of a cell, the gene's DNA sequence is transcribed into a complementary RNA molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). This process is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase.
2) mRNA Processing: The newly formed mRNA molecule undergoes various modifications, such as the removal of introns (non-coding regions) and the addition of a protective cap and a poly-A tail. These modifications ensure that the mRNA is ready for translation.
3) Translation: The mRNA molecule exits the nucleus and attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence and uses it as a template to assemble a chain of amino acids in a specific order, forming a protein.
4) Protein Folding and Function: After translation, the newly synthesized protein may undergo further modifications, such as folding into its proper three-dimensional shape. The functional protein then carries out its specific roles in the cell, which can include enzymatic activity, structural support, or signaling.
Overall, gene expression is the process by which the information encoded in a gene is used to produce a functional gene product, usually a protein. It is a fundamental process in cells that allows them to carry out their specific functions and maintain proper functioning in an organism.