Final answer:
Nonrecombinant gametes have parental genotype combinations such as AB or ab, while recombinant gametes have nonparental combinations like Ab or aB. The genotype of an organism is its genetic makeup, whereas phenotype is the expression of this genetic makeup as observable traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nonrecombinant gametes will have the genotype AB or ab, representing the parental allele combinations without any genetic recombination. In contrast, recombinant gametes will have the genotype Ab or aB, which are the nonparental types resulting from homologous recombination during meiosis. These recombinant genotypes represent new combinations of alleles that were not found together in the parents.
When crossing AaBb individuals, the types of gametes that can be produced are AB, Ab, aB, and ab (option c in the question provided), according to the principle of independent assortment for unlinked genes. Each gamete contains one allele from each of the two genes, and any combination is possible if the genes are not linked.
Genotype and Phenotype Relationships
Genotype refers to the genetic make-up of an organism, whereas phenotype refers to the observable traits produced by the genotype. A Punnett square can be used to calculate expected proportions of genotypes and phenotypes in a monohybrid cross.