Question

What is the Multiple nuclei model proposed by Harris and Ullman?

1) A model that explains the formation of multiple nuclei in a city based on economic factors
2) A model that explains the formation of multiple nuclei in a city based on social factors
3) A model that explains the formation of multiple nuclei in a city based on political factors
4) A model that explains the formation of multiple nuclei in a city based on environmental factors

Answer 1

The Multiple Nuclei Model by Harris and Ullman explains the development of multiple secondary business districts in cities considering economic, social, and environmental factors. It suggests a shift from traditional central business districts to a more dispersed urban structure facilitated by the use of truck freight and influenced by both leaders in politics and economics, and community actions like NIMBY movements.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Multiple Nuclei Model proposed by Harris and Ullman is a model that explains the formation of multiple nuclei in a city based on a variety of factors, such as economic, social, and environmental considerations. Important to note, the term "nuclei" here refers to secondary business districts that developed with the growth of cities after the advent of the automobile, which complement or compete with the original central business district (CBD).

Working class housing, upper middle-class housing, elite housing, light industrial zones, and commuter housing have also been identified as part of the structure of these urban areas. According to this model, industrial districts aren't confined to rail or water corridors due to reliance on truck freight for supplies and shipment of products. Moreover, residential neighborhoods of varying status emerge in nearly random fashion, often around amenities that attract different economic classes.

Sociologists have suggested that political and economic leaders have significant control over urban growth, influencing where money is invested and how land is used, thereby affecting the development of these urban nuclei. This model also considers the role of societal activities, such as NIMBY movements, indicative of a community's influence on urban development and land use. This highlights the balance of power regarding urban planning — between those steering economic development and residents who have varying degrees of influence based on socio-economic status.

Answer 2

The Multiple Nuclei Model by Harris and Ullman explains the formation of multiple business districts in a city due to economic factors and represents the diversification of urban centers beyond the central business district. Although influenced by zoning laws and political elements, the model primarily focuses on economic reasons behind city expansion. Option 1 is the correct answer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The Multiple Nuclei Model proposed by Harris and Ullman is a model that explains the formation of multiple nuclei in a city based on economic factors. This urban geography model reflects the impact of the automobile on city development, leading to the emergence of multiple secondary business districts known as nuclei, in addition to the original central business district (CBD).

In contrast to cities that developed around robust public transit systems, these cities spread out more randomly, where industrial and residential zones could appear nearly anywhere zoning allowed. The model recognized that cities could have various centers for activities like industrial, commercial, and residential developments, and these fit phenomena like economies of scale, with cities providing concentrated customers, workers, and services leading to enhanced productivity and services.

While the Multiple Nuclei Model includes economic considerations, it is also interesting to note that sociologists Feagin and Parker highlighted how political and economic leaders control urban growth based on factors like land use regulation and the balancing of land values, which also indirectly informs the development of city structures. Zoning laws, for example, influence where industries and neighborhoods could develop, which also reflects onto the economic fabric of urban areas. In summary, the Multiple Nuclei Model correlates with option 1, being primarily centered on economic factors, despite also interacting with social and political dimensions.