Final answer:
Lawrence Gelb introduced the first permanent haircolor product and founded Clairol. The permanent hair coloring process chemically alters hair's structure, and Gelb's innovation greatly impacted the cosmetics industry.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who introduced the first permanent haircolor product and founded a company called Clairol is Lawrence Gelb. Hair coloring has become extensively popular, and permanent hair color involves a chemical process that alters the hair's structure. Lawrence Gelb's contribution marked a significant change in the cosmetics industry, providing people with the means to permanently change their hair color.
During the permanent hair coloring process, steps include the oxidation of p-phenylenediamine to the quinonediimine, among other chemical reactions. Couplers in hair dye formulations, such as red, yellow-green, and blue couplers, are essential in defining the final hair color. The market for at-home coloring has seen considerable growth, indicating the widespread use of these products.