Final answer:
Negative reinforcement refers to the process in operant conditioning where an undesirable stimulus is removed to increase a behavior, which can involve escape as the reinforcer.
Step-by-step explanation:
Terms that refer to differential reinforcement procedures involving escape as a reinforcer include primarily negative reinforcement. In the context of operant conditioning, negative reinforcement is used to increase a behavior by removing an undesirable stimulus upon the occurrence of that behavior. An example of this is when a car's seatbelt reminder stops beeping after the seatbelt is fastened, reinforcing the behavior of fastening one's seatbelt to avoid the irritating sound. This is distinct from positive reinforcement, which involves presenting a pleasant stimulus (like food or money) to increase the likelihood of a behavior. Additionally, complex behavioral modification systems like token economies utilize secondary reinforcers where tokens can be traded for rewards, further incorporating reinforcement principles to shape behavior.