Final answer:
The liver has many functions, including the production of bile for fat digestion, carbohydrate metabolism, drug metabolism, synthesis of plasma proteins and amino acids, and the detoxification and excretion of wastes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Primary Functions of the Liver
The liver, the largest internal organ in the human body, is crucial for numerous physiological processes. Here are five primary functions of the liver:
- Production of Bile: The liver produces bile, which aids in the digestion of fats and is essential for the breakdown of fatty components of food in the duodenum.
- Metabolism of Carbohydrates: The liver regulates blood sugar levels by performing gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and the breakdown of hormones like insulin.
- Drug Metabolism: This includes breaking down or modifying toxic substances, such as alcohol and medications, which sometimes leads to toxication if the metabolite is more toxic than its precursor.
- Synthesis of Plasma Proteins and Amino Acids: The liver synthesizes necessary proteins like albumin, fibrinogen, and others required for transporting substances in the blood and for blood clotting.
- Detoxification and Excretion: The liver breaks down waste products and toxic substances, excreting them through bile or processing them for elimination by the kidneys.
Moreover, the liver stores vitamins and minerals, and has immunological functions by acting as a sieve for antigens with its reticuloendothelial system.